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This version published online on January 20, 2005
Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/en.2004-1540
A more recent version of this article appeared on May 1, 2005
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Submitted on November 29, 2004
Accepted on January 12, 2005

Endogenous estrogens inhibit mouse fetal Leydig cell development via Estrogen Receptor {alpha}

Géraldine DELBÈS, Christine LEVACHER*, Clotilde DUQUENNE, Chrystèle RACINE, Pirjo PAKARINEN, and René, HABERT

Unité de Gamétogenèse et génotoxicité, INSERM U566 - CEA - Université Paris 7, Denis Diderot, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: christine.levacher{at}cea.fr.

It is now accepted that estrogens play a role in male fertility and that exposure to exogenous estrogens during fetal/neonatal life can lead to reproductive disorders in the male. However, the estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated processes involved in the regulation of male reproduction during fetal and neonatal development are still largely unclear. We previously reported that ER{beta} deficiency affects gametogenesis in mice but changes neither the number nor the differentiated functions of fetal Leydig cells. We show here that ER{alpha}-deficient mice (ER{alpha}-/-) display higher levels of testicular testosterone secretion than wild-type mice from fetal day 13.5 onwards. This results from higher levels of steroidogenic activity per fetal Leydig cell, as indicated by the hypertrophy of these cells and the higher levels of mRNA for StAR, P450c17 and P450scc in the testis, for a similar number of Leydig cells. Since LH (LH) is not produced on fetal day 13.5 and since no change in plasma LH concentration was observed in 2-d-old ER{alpha} deficient mice, LH is probably not involved in the effects of estrogens on testicular steroidogenesis in fetal and early neonatal Leydig cells. Furthermore, inactivation of ER{beta} did not change the effect of ER{alpha} inactivation on steroidogenesis. Lastly, in an organ culture system, 1 µM diethylstilbestrol decreased the testosterone secretion of wild-type fetal and neonatal testes but not of ER{alpha}- testes. Thus, this study shows that endogenous estrogens physiologically inhibit steroidogenesis via ER{alpha} by acting directly on the testis early in fetal and neonatal development.
Key words: Estrogen receptor • Leydig cells • testosterone • ERKO mice • fetal testis




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