Aging in rodents and primates is accompanied by changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity. We examined behavioral and neuroendocrine responses in 3,15 and 30 month old F344/Brown-Norway rats. Basal corticosterone and ACTH levels did not differ with age although ACTH responses, but not corticosterone responses to restraint stress, were significantly lower in the 30 month group relative to 3 and 15 month old rats. Induction of c-fos mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus from restraint was not affected by age. Furthermore, there was an enhanced sensitivity to dexamethasone suppression in aged animals as evidenced by lesser ACTH and corticosterone release following dexamethasone administration. Evaluation of emotional behaviors in the forced swim test revealed no differences between the age groups. With fear conditioning, aged rats had decreased freeze times relative to middle aged or young rats. Regression analysis revealed no significant correlations between the behavioral and HPA axis data in any group. Overall, the data suggest that an apparent decrease in pituitary drive is compensated for at the level of the adrenal, resulting in stable patterns of glucocorticoid secretion. The lack of a correlation between HPA axis measures and emotional as well as fear conditioning related behaviors indicates that corticosteroid dysfunction may not predict age-related behavioral deficits in this aging model.