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Submitted on January 14, 2005
Accepted on February 22, 2005
Division of Biomodeling, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: takashiy{at}agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
The molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiodic time measurement are not well understood in any organism. Relatively recently, however, it has become clear that thyroid hormones play an important role in photoperiodism and in a previous study, we reported that long daylengths in Japanese quail increase hypothalamic levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and of the thyroid hormone activating enzyme, type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2). The present study extends these observations to measure gene levels of the thyroid hormone inactivating enzyme, type 3 deiodinase (Dio3). Levels decreased following exposure to long days but increased under short days. Changes in the two genes were then analyzed during the precisely timed photoinduction which occurs in quail exposed to a single long day. The two gene switches are the earliest events yet recorded in the photoinduction process and, overall, these reciprocal changes offer the potential to regulate active brain thyroid hormone concentrations rather precisely at the site in the brain where photoinduction is triggered.
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