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Submitted on October 17, 2005
Accepted on January 23, 2006
Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ruily{at}umich.edu.
SH2-B and APS, two members of a PH and SH2 domain-containing adaptor family, promote both insulin and leptin signaling in a similar fashion in cultured cells. In addition, APS mediates insulin-stimulated activation of the c-Cbl/CAP/TC10 pathway in cultured adipocytes. Here we characterized genetically modified mice lacking SH2-B, APS or both to determine the physiological roles of these two proteins in animals. Disruption of the SH2-B gene resulted in obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. Conversely, deletion of the APS gene did not alter adiposity, energy balance, and glucose metabolism. Energy intake, energy expenditure, fat content, body weight, and plasma insulin, leptin, glucose and lipid levels were similar between APS- and wild-type littermates fed either normal chow or a high fat diet. Moreover, deletion of APS failed to alter insulin and glucose tolerance. APS-/SH2-B- double knockout mice also developed energy imbalance, obesity, hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance; however, plasma leptin and insulin levels were significantly lower in SH2-B-/APS- than in SH2-B- mice. These results suggest that SH2-B, but not APS, is a key positive regulator of energy and glucose metabolism in mice.
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