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Submitted on October 21, 2005
Accepted on December 15, 2005
Departments of Pediatrics (M.M., V.P.) and the Reproductive Sciences Program (M.M., T.L.S., V.P.), and the Center for Statistical Consultation and Research (K.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and Division of Animal and Veterinary Sciences (E.K. I), West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: vasantha{at}umich.edu.
Prenatal testosterone (T) excess during mid-gestation leads to estrous cycle defects and polycystic ovaries in sheep. We hypothesized that follicular persistence causes polycystic ovaries and that cyclic progesterone (P) treatment would overcome follicular persistence and restore cyclicity. Twice-weekly blood samples for P measurements were taken from control (C, n = 16) and prenatal T-treated (T60, n = 14; 100 mg T im twice-weekly from day 30-90 of gestation) Suffolk sheep starting before the onset of puberty and continuing through the second breeding season. A subset of C and T60 sheep were treated cyclically with a modified controlled internal drug releasing device for 13-14 days every 17 days during the first anestrus (CP=7, TP=6). Transrectal ovarian ultrasonography was performed for 8 days in the first and 21 days in the second breeding season. Prenatal T excess reduced the number but increased duration of progestogenic cycles, reduced proportion of ewes with normal cycles, increased proportion of ewes with subluteal cycles, decreased proportion of ewes with ovulatory cycles, induced the occurrence of persistent follicles, and reduced number of corpora lutea (CL) in those that cycled. Cyclic P treatment in anestrus, which produced 1/3 the P concentration seen during luteal phase of cycle, did not reduce number of persistent follicles but increased number of progestogenic cycles while reducing their duration. These findings suggested that follicular persistence might contribute to the polycystic ovarian morphology. Cyclic P treatment was able to only partially restore follicular dynamics, but this may be related to the low replacement concentrations of P achieved.
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