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Submitted on November 30, 2005
Accepted on April 11, 2006
Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: saltiel{at}lsi.umich.edu.
The scaffolding protein PTG (Protein Targeting to Glycogen) orchestrates the signaling of several metabolic enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis. However, little is known concerning the regulation of PTG itself. In this study, we have cloned and characterized the mouse promoter of PTG. We identified multiple FoxA2 binding sites within this region. FoxA2 is a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors that has recently been implicated in the cAMP-dependent regulation of several genes involved in liver metabolism. Using luciferase reporter constructs, we demonstrate that FoxA2 trans-activates the PTG promoter in H4IIE hepatoma cells. Nuclear extracts prepared from mouse liver and H4IIE cells were able to bind a FoxA2 specific probe derived within the PTG promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments further demonstrate that FoxA2 binds to the PTG promoter in vivo. Finally we show that treatment with cAMP analogs activates the PTG promoter and significantly increased PTG levels in H4IIE cells. Our results provide a framework to investigate how additional transcription factors may regulate PTG expression in other cell types.
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