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Submitted on January 30, 2006
Accepted on March 16, 2006
Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fbazer{at}cvm.tamu.edu.
Cystatin C (CST3) is a secreted inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsins B (CTSB) and CTSL, which are abundant in the ovine endometrium and conceptus. In mice, cathepsins and cystatins play important roles in implantation and placentation. This study determined effects of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, progesterone (P4) and interferon 
(IFNT) on CST3 in the ovine uterus. In cyclic ewes, CST3 mRNA was low on Day 10, increased about 12-fold by Day 12, and declined thereafter. In early pregnant ewes, CST3 mRNA was low on Day 10 and increased about 130-fold from Day 10 to Day 20. CST3 mRNA and protein were abundant in the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) and epithelium (GE) and also in conceptus trophectoderm. In uterine flushes from pregnant ewes, CST3 protein was not detected on Day 10, but was abundant on Days 12, 14 and 16. In another study, treatment of ovariectomized, cyclic ewes with P4 induced a 14-fold increase in endometrial CST3 mRNA, and IFNT stimulated a further 2-fold increase in CST3 mRNA in P4-treated ewes, but not in ewes treated with P4 and the anti-progestin ZK 136,317. CST3 mRNA and protein were abundant in the endometrial LE and sGE of P4-treated ewes, but were very low or not detectable in endometria of P4 and ZK-treated ewes. These results indicate that CTS3 is a novel P4-induced and IFNT-stimulated gene expressed only in the epithelial cells of the ovine endometrium and implicate CTS3 in regulation of uterine cathepsin activity during conceptus implantation.
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