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This version published online on December 7, 2006
Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/en.2006-0750
A more recent version of this article appeared on March 1, 2007
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Submitted on June 6, 2006
Accepted on November 28, 2006

Ceramide-Activated Protein Phosphatase (CAPP) involvement in insulin resistance via Akt, SRp40, and RNA splicing in L6 skeletal muscle cells

Nilanjan Ghosh, Niketa Patel, Kun Jiang, James E. Watson, Jin Cheng, Charles E. Chalfant, and Denise R. Cooper*

Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Floridaand The Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; and Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth Universityand Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Medical Center, Richmond Virginia 23298

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dcooper{at}health.usf.edu.

Elevated TNF{alpha} levels are associated with insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms linking cytokine signaling to impaired insulin function remain elusive. We previously demonstrated a role for Akt in insulin regulation of PKC{beta}II alternative splicing through phosphorylation of SRp40, a required mechanism for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. We hypothesized that TNF{alpha} attenuated insulin signaling by dephosphorylating Akt and its targets via ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). Western blot analysis of L6 cell lysates demonstrated impaired insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, SRp40, and GSK3{beta} in response to TNF{alpha} and the short chain C6 ceramide analog. TNF{alpha} increased serine/threonine phosphatase activity of PP1 in response to C6, but not insulin, suggesting a ceramide-specific effect. Myriocin, an inhibitor of de novo ceramide synthesis, blocked stimulation of the PP1 activity. Ceramide species measurement by LC-MS showed consistent increases in C24:1 and C16 ceramides. Effects of TNF{alpha} and C6 on insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of GSK3{beta} were prevented by myriocin and tautomycin, a PP1 inhibitor, further implicating a de novo ceramide-PP1 pathway. Alternative splicing assays demonstrated that TNF{alpha} abolished insulin-mediated inclusion of the PKC{beta}II exon. Collectively, our work demonstrates a role for PP1-like CAPP in mediating TNF{alpha} effects blocking insulin phosphorylation cascades involved in glycogen metabolism and alternative splicing.


Key words: TNF{alpha} • Ceramide activated protein phosphatase (CAPP) • Akt • SR proteins • PKC{beta}II • alternative splicing




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