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Submitted on June 6, 2006
Accepted on November 28, 2006
Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Floridaand The Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612; and Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth Universityand Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Medical Center, Richmond Virginia 23298
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dcooper{at}health.usf.edu.
Elevated TNF
levels are associated with insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms linking cytokine signaling to impaired insulin function remain elusive. We previously demonstrated a role for Akt in insulin regulation of PKC
II alternative splicing through phosphorylation of SRp40, a required mechanism for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. We hypothesized that TNF
attenuated insulin signaling by dephosphorylating Akt and its targets via ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CAPP). Western blot analysis of L6 cell lysates demonstrated impaired insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, SRp40, and GSK3
in response to TNF
and the short chain C6 ceramide analog. TNF
increased serine/threonine phosphatase activity of PP1 in response to C6, but not insulin, suggesting a ceramide-specific effect. Myriocin, an inhibitor of de novo ceramide synthesis, blocked stimulation of the PP1 activity. Ceramide species measurement by LC-MS showed consistent increases in C24:1 and C16 ceramides. Effects of TNF
and C6 on insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of GSK3
were prevented by myriocin and tautomycin, a PP1 inhibitor, further implicating a de novo ceramide-PP1 pathway. Alternative splicing assays demonstrated that TNF
abolished insulin-mediated inclusion of the PKC
II exon. Collectively, our work demonstrates a role for PP1-like CAPP in mediating TNF
effects blocking insulin phosphorylation cascades involved in glycogen metabolism and alternative splicing.
Ceramide activated protein phosphatase (CAPP)
Akt
SR proteins
PKC
II
alternative splicing
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