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Submitted on August 14, 2006
Accepted on October 16, 2006
(PPAR), adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue before birth
Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, The Sansom Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Australia, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Caroline.McMillen{at}unisa.edu.au.
During fetal life, adipose tissue is predominantly comprised of brown or thermogenic adipocytes and there is a transition to white, lipid-storing adipocytes after birth concomitant with the onset of suckling. In pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes the fetus is hyperglycaemic, has an increased fat mass and is at increased risk of obesity in later life. In the present study we have investigated the hypothesis that exposure to increased maternal nutrition during late gestation results in increased expression of genes which regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis in perirenal fat in fetal sheep. Pregnant ewes were fed either at or 
55% above maintenance energy requirements during late pregnancy and qRT-PCR was used to measure PPAR
, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), G3PDH, adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression. Here we report that exposure to metabolic and hormonal signals of increased nutrition before birth results in an increase in the expression of the adipogenic factor, PPAR, and in LPL, adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression in fetal perirenal fat. We propose that an increase in maternal, and hence fetal nutrition results in a precocial increase in adipogenic, lipogenic and adipokine gene expression in adipose tissue and that these changes may be important in the development of obesity in later life.
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