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Submitted on April 5, 2007
Accepted on May 22, 2007
Université Strasbourg - Fac de Médecine/ Signalisation et Cancer de la Prostate/EA 3430, STRASBOURG-67000 France; Plate-forme technologique d'Imagerie, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France; CHRU Strasbourg, hôpital de Hautepierre, Département d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie, Strasbourg, F-67000 France
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jocelyn.ceraline{at}medecine.u-strasbg.fr.
The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that displays genomic actions characterized by binding to androgen-response elements in the promoter of target genes, and non-genomic actions, which do not require nuclear translocation and DNA-binding. In this study, we report exclusive cytoplasmic actions of a splicing variant of the AR detected in a metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). This AR variant, named AR23, results from an aberrant splicing of intron 2, wherein the last 69 nucleotides of the intronic sequence are retained, conducting to the insertion of 23-amino acids between the two zinc fingers in the DNA-binding domain. We show that the nuclear entry of AR23 upon dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulation is impaired. Alternatively, DHT-activated AR23 forms cytoplasmic and perinuclear aggregates that partially colocalize with the endoplasmic reticulum and are devoid of genomic actions. However, in LNCaP cells, this cytoplasmic DHT-activated AR23 remains partially active as evidenced by the activation of transcription from androgen responsive promoters, the stimulation of NF-
B transcriptional activity, and by the decrease of AP-1 transcriptional activity. Our data reveal novel cytoplasmic actions for this splicing AR variant suggesting a contribution in PCa progression.
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