NEWS AND VIEWS:

Kristen R. Vella and Anthony N. Hollenberg

The Ups and Downs of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2021-2023, doi:10.1210/en.2009-0261 [Full Text] [PDF]  

John W. Funder

The Off-Target Effects of Torcetrapib
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2024-2026, doi:10.1210/en.2009-0136 [Full Text] [PDF]  

CALCIUM - REGULATING HORMONES:

Daniel Lozano, Luis F. de Castro, Sonia Dapía, Irene Andrade-Zapata, Félix Manzarbeitia, M. Victoria Alvarez-Arroyo, Enrique Gómez-Barrena, and Pedro Esbrit

Role of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein in the Decreased Osteoblast Function in Diabetes-Related Osteopenia
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2027-2035, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1108 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Parathyroid hormone-related protein has a key role in the altered osteoblastic function in diabetes-related osteopenia.

CANCER - ONCOGENES:

Ping Fan, Wei Yue, Ji-Ping Wang, Sarah Aiyar, Yan Li, Tae-Hyun Kim, and Richard J. Santen

Mechanisms of Resistance to Structurally Diverse Antiestrogens Differ under Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Conditions: Evidence from in Vitro Breast Cancer Cell Models
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2036-2045, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1195 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Phenotypes of acquired resistance to anti-estrogen therapy in hormone-dependent breast cancer cells are determined by levels of estrogens in culture media.

JoyAnn N. Phillips Rohan and Nancy L. Weigel

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ Reduces c-Myc Expression, Inhibiting Proliferation and Causing G₁ Accumulation in C4-2 Prostate Cancer Cells
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2046-2054, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1395 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
1,25(OH)2D3 reduces c-Myc expression through decreases in RNA expression and decreased protein stability; equivalent reductions in c-Myc using siRNA are sufficient to inhibit proliferation and cause comparable G₁ accumulation.

N. Bergelin, T. Blom, J. Heikkilä, C. Löf, C. Alam, S. Balthasar, J. P. Slotte, A. Hinkkanen, and K. Törnquist

Sphingosine Kinase as an Oncogene: Autocrine Sphingosine 1-Phoshate Modulates ML-1 Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Migration by a Mechanism Dependent on Protein Kinase C- and ERK1/2
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2055-2063, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0625 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Sphingosine kinase (SK) enhances migration of ML-1 cells by an autocrine mechanism, and S1P-evoked migration is dependent on PKC-, ERK1/2, and SK.

Mei Xu, Lynnette Shorts-Cary, Aaron J. Knox, B Kleinsmidt-DeMasters, Kevin Lillehei, and Margaret E. Wierman

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway Substrate 8 Is Overexpressed in Human Pituitary Tumors: Role in Proliferation and Survival
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2064-2071, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1265 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Eps8 is up-regulated in human pituitary tumors and via its actions to promote proliferation, and anti-apoptosis may amplify growth factor signaling in pituitary tumorigenesis.

DIABETES - INSULIN - GLUCAGON - GASTROINTESTINAL:

Eva Hammar, Alejandra Tomas, Domenico Bosco, and Philippe A. Halban

Role of the Rho-ROCK (Rho-Associated Kinase) Signaling Pathway in the Regulation of Pancreatic β-Cell Function
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2072-2079, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1135 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Insulin secretion is inhibited by a signaling pathway impacting on the cytoskeleton of β-cells. Blockade of this pathway results in increased secretion.

Thais de Castro Barbosa, José Edgar Nicoletti de Carvalho, Leonice Lourenço Poyares, Silvana Bordin, Ubiratan Fabres Machado, and Maria Tereza Nunes

Potential Role of Growth Hormone in Impairment of Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle, Adipose Tissue, and Liver of Rats Chronically Treated with Arginine
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2080-2086, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1487 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Impairment of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver of chronically arginine-treated rats is mediated by GH.

Kun Jiang, Niketa A. Patel, James E. Watson, Hercules Apostolatos, Eden Kleiman, Olivia Hanson, Masatoshi Hagiwara, and Denise R. Cooper

Akt2 Regulation of Cdc2-Like Kinases (Clk/Sty), Serine/Arginine-Rich (SR) Protein Phosphorylation, and Insulin-Induced Alternative Splicing of PKCβII Messenger Ribonucleic Acid
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2087-2097, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0818 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Insulin regulates Cdc2-like kinases (Clk/Sty) via phosphorylation by Akt2, thereby promoting the pivotal role of both kinases in insulin-mediated RNA alternative splicing and glucose uptake.

Joseph Fomusi Ndisang, Nina lane, and Ashok Jadhav

The Heme Oxygenase System Abates Hyperglycemia in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats by Potentiating Insulin-Sensitizing Pathways
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2098-2108, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0239 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Hemin evokes anti-diabetic effects in ZDF by potentiating promoters of glucose metabolism such as, adiponectin, AMPK, and GLUT4, but reduces oxidative stress and suppressors of insulin signaling.

Elodie Riant, Aurélie Waget, Haude Cogo, Jean-François Arnal, Rémy Burcelin, and Pierre Gourdy

Estrogens Protect against High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance in Mice
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2109-2117, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0971 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Despite a significant pro-inflammatory effect, estrogens protect from the occurrence of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance through the activation of estrogen receptor .

Akira Shimotoyodome, Daisuke Fukuoka, Junko Suzuki, Yoshie Fujii, Tomohito Mizuno, Shinichi Meguro, Ichiro Tokimitsu, and Tadashi Hase

Coingestion of Acylglycerols Differentially Affects Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion via Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide in C57BL/6J Mice
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2118-2126, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1162 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Evidence shows that fat ingestion, in combination with glucose, increases GIP secretion compared with glucose alone; the conclusion is limited by the fact that GIP release has been shown to be directly proportional to calorie intake.

Jiping Zhang, Ruihua Luo, Heqing Wu, Shunhui Wei, Weiping Han, and GuoDong Li

Role of Type I Phosphatidylinositol-4-Phosphate 5-Kinase in Insulin Secretion, Glucose Metabolism, and Membrane Potential in INS-1 β-Cells
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2127-2135, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0516 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Knockdown of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase I affects both proximal and distal steps of signaling cascade in β cells, including glucose metabolism, membrane potential, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

Jun Ding, Yan Gao, Jing Zhao, Hong Yan, Shi-ying Guo, Qin-xian Zhang, Ling-song Li, and Xiang Gao

Pax6 Haploinsufficiency Causes Abnormal Metabolic Homeostasis by Down-Regulating Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in Mice
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2136-2144, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1006 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Mouse Pax6 heterozygous mutant displayed down-regulation GLP-1 level which causes glucose intolerance, insulin secretion defects, and resistance to diet-induced fat accumulation.

Juliet A. Emamaullee, Shaheed Merani, Christian Toso, Tatsuya Kin, Faisal Al-Saif, Wayne Truong, Rena Pawlick, Joy Davis, Ryan Edgar, Jennifer Lock, Susan Bonner-Weir, Lotte B. Knudsen, and A. M. James Shapiro

Porcine Marginal Mass Islet Autografts Resist Metabolic Failure Over Time and Are Enhanced by Early Treatment with Liraglutide
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2145-2152, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1116 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Liraglutide promotes porcine islet survival and glucose responsiveness in culture and enhances metabolic function over time following marginal mass islet autograft transplantation in pigs, showing that liraglutide treatment during the engraftment phase may be of benefit in clinical islet transplantation.

ENERGY BALANCE - OBESITY:

Shutong Yang, Aiyi Liu, Adam Weidenhammer, Robert C. Cooksey, Donald McClain, Myung K. Kim, Greti Aguilera, E. Dale Abel, and Jay H. Chung

The Role of mPer2 Clock Gene in Glucocorticoid and Feeding Rhythms
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2153-2160, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0705 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Clock protein mPer2 prevents obesity by suppressing appetite during the inactive period through production of hypothalamic anorexigen MSH during the inactive period.

Nicole H. Rogers, James W. Perfield, II, Katherine J. Strissel, Martin S. Obin, and Andrew S. Greenberg

Reduced Energy Expenditure and Increased Inflammation Are Early Events in the Development of Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2161-2168, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1405 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Ovariectomy in mice results in reduced energy expenditure and increased adiposity resulting in up-regulation of inflammatory mediators in adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis.

Wan Huang, Anantha Metlakunta, Nikolas Dedousis, Heidi K. Ortmeyer, Maja Stefanovic-Racic, and Robert M. O'Doherty

Leptin Augments the Acute Suppressive Effects of Insulin on Hepatic Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Production in Rats
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2169-2174, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1271 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Leptin additively increases the suppressive effects of insulin on hepatic and systemic VLDL metabolism by stimulating depletion of liver triglycerides and increasing oxidative metabolism.

Matthew R. Hayes, Karolina P. Skibicka, Kendra K. Bence, and Harvey J. Grill

Dorsal Hindbrain 5'-Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase as an Intracellular Mediator of Energy Balance
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2175-2182, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1319 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Hindbrain AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity contributes to energy balance control through regulation of energy intake and expenditure, with AMPK activity in the nucleus tractus solitarius mediating leptin’s intake-reducing effects.

David M. Selva and Geoffrey L. Hammond

Peroxisome-Proliferator Receptor Represses Hepatic Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Expression
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2183-2189, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1289 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Studies in human HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells reveal that peroxisome-proliferator receptor represses sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) expression and may contribute to variations in plasma SHBG levels.

GENERAL ENDOCRINOLOGY:

Nathalie Nguyen, Nancy Francoeur, Valérie Chartrand, Klaus Klarskov, Gaétan Guillemette, and Guylain Boulay

Insulin Promotes the Association of Heat Shock Protein 90 with the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor to Dampen Its Ca²⁺ Release Activity
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2190-2196, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1167 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Insulin promotes the interaction of Hsp90 with the IP₃R to dampen its Ca²⁺ release activity by complex mechanism involving mTOR and the Src kinase.

D. Morgan, E. Rebelato, F. Abdulkader, M. F. R. Graciano, H. R. Oliveira-Emilio, A. E. Hirata, M. S. Rocha, S. Bordin, R. Curi, and A. R. Carpinelli

Association of NAD(P)H Oxidase with Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic β-Cells
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2197-2201, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1149 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
NAD(P)H oxidase complex might play an important role to control insulin secretion, possibly by modulating glucose metabolism and intracellular calcium homeostasis.

GLUCOCORTICOIDS - CRH - ACTH - ADRENAL:

Aurélie Nguyen Dinh Cat, Antoine Ouvrard-Pascaud, François Tronche, Maud Clemessy, Daniel Gonzalez-Nunez, Nicolette Farman, and Frederic Jaisser

Conditional Transgenic Mice for Studying the Role of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in the Renal Collecting Duct
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2202-2210, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1531 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Overexpression of glucocorticoid receptor in the renal collecting duct up-regulates sodium channel without alternating blood pressure because of compensatory changes occurring in distal tubule.

Xiao Hu, Jessica D. Dietz, Chunsheng Xia, Delvin R. Knight, William T. Loging, Andrew H. Smith, Haodan Yuan, David A. Perry, and Joan Keiser

Torcetrapib Induces Aldosterone and Cortisol Production by an Intracellular Calcium-Mediated Mechanism Independently of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibition
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2211-2219, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1512 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Torcetrapib, but not CETP inhibition, induces adrenal steroid production and blood pressure elevation through a calcium influx mechanism mediated by the L-type calcium channel.

Erno Vreugdenhil, Carla S. L. Verissimo, Rob Mariman, Jessica T. Kamphorst, Joana S. Barbosa, Thijs Zweers, Danielle L. Champagne, Theo Schouten, Onno C. Meijer, E. Ron de Kloet, and Carlos P. Fitzsimons

MicroRNA 18 and 124a Down-Regulate the Glucocorticoid Receptor: Implications for Glucocorticoid Responsiveness in the Brain
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2220-2228, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1335 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Binding of cell-type specific microRNAs to the glucocorticoid receptor mRNA may regulate glucocorticoid responsiveness.

James M. Luther, Zuofei Wang, Ji Ma, Natalia Makhanova, Hyung-Suk Kim, and Nancy J. Brown

Endogenous Aldosterone Contributes to Acute Angiotensin II-Stimulated Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Preproendothelin-1 Expression in Heart But Not Aorta
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2229-2236, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1296 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Endogenous aldosterone contributes to the acute stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on the profibrotic factors plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and prepro-endothelin-1 in murine heart.

GROWTH FACTORS - CYTOKINES:

Chizuko Suzuki, Hiroshi Nagasaki, Yoshiki Okajima, Hidetaka Suga, Nobuaki Ozaki, Hiroshi Arima, Yasumasa Iwasaki, and Yutaka Oiso

Inflammatory Cytokines Regulate Glycoprotein Subunit β5 of Thyrostimulin through Nuclear Factor-B
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2237-2243, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0823 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The beta subunit of thyrostimulin, a pituitary hormone produced in human corticotroph, is positively regulated by pre-inflammatory cytokines through NF-B.

Döne Onan, Elizabeth H. Allan, Julian M. W. Quinn, Jonathan H. Gooi, Sueli Pompolo, Natalie A. Sims, Matthew T. Gillespie, and T. John Martin

The Chemokine Cxcl1 Is a Novel Target Gene of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-Related Protein in Committed Osteoblasts
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2244-2253, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1597 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The chemokine Cxcl1 is an immediate response gene of PTH/PTHrP in osteoblasts that can attract osteoclast precursors, suggesting a role in bone physiology.

GROWTH HORMONE - SOMATOSTATIN - GRH:

Ivonne Minsel, Rolf Mentlein, Saadettin Sel, Yolanda Diebold, Lars Bräuer, Eckhard Mühlbauer, and Friedrich P. Paulsen

Somatostatin Actions via Somatostatin Receptors on the Ocular Surface Are Modulated by Inflammatory Processes
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2254-2263, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0577 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In healthy humans, somatostatin acts by autocrine and paracrine effects on the ocular surface modulating corneal immunology.

NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY:

Dennis W. Waring and Judith L. Turgeon

Ca²⁺-Activated K⁺ Channels in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Mouse Gonadotrophs
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2264-2272, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1442 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
The GnRH-stimulated rise in intracellular [Ca²⁺] activates both small and large conductance Ca2⁺-activated K⁺ currents, which are differentially regulated by estradiol-17β (E2) and which may be targets for E2 positive feedback in luteinizing hormone secretion.

E. Zhao, A. Basak, A. O. L. Wong, W. Ko, A. Chen, G. C. López, C. L. Grey, L. F. Canosa, G. M. Somoza, J. P. Chang, and V. L. Trudeau

The Secretogranin II-Derived Peptide Secretoneurin Stimulates Luteinizing Hormone Secretion from Gonadotrophs
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2273-2282, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1060 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Secretoneurin is a neuroendocrine factor that can affect luteinizing hormone secretion in the pituitary.

Edith Sánchez, Miguel Angel Vargas, Praful S. Singru, Isel Pascual, Fidelia Romero, Csaba Fekete, Jean-Louis Charli, and Ronald M. Lechan

Tanycyte Pyroglutamyl Peptidase II Contributes to Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis through Glial-Axonal Associations in the Median Eminence
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2283-2291, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1643 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Pyroglutamyl peptidase II, an ectopeptidase that inactivates TRH, is up-regulated by thyroid hormone in tanycytes closely juxtaposed to hypophysiotropic TRH nerve endings, suggesting a mechanism involved in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.

Jessica E. Kennett, Maristela O. Poletini, Cheryl A. Fitch, and Marc E. Freeman

Antagonism of Oxytocin Prevents Suckling- and Estradiol-Induced, But Not Progesterone-Induced, Secretion of Prolactin
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2292-2299, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1611 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Oxytocin controls the steroid-induced and suckling-induced release of prolactin.

Michelle M. Arnhold, J. Marina Yoder, and William C. Engeland

Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomy Prevents Drinking-Induced Reduction in Plasma Corticosterone in Water-Restricted Rats
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2300-2307, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1594 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevents the decrease in circulating corticosterone following dehydration-induced drinking in rats, implicating the vagus in augmenting rapid removal of glucocorticoids during stress relief.

Deena M. Walker, Thomas E. Juenger, and Andrea C. Gore

Developmental Profiles of Neuroendocrine Gene Expression in the Preoptic Area of Male Rats
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2308-2316, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1396 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Profiling of neuroendocrine genes and steroid hormones within developing male rats shows large increases in androgen receptor and progesterone receptor mRNA levels, and unexpected relationships among genes and hormones across postnatal development.

Leslie M. Jackson, Kathleen M. Timmer, and Douglas L. Foster

Organizational Actions of Postnatal Estradiol in Female Sheep Treated Prenatally with Testosterone: Programming of Prepubertal Neuroendocrine Function and the Onset of Puberty
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2317-2324, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1307 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The disruptive effects of prenatal testosterone exposure on the GnRH surge mechanism and female reproductive function are exacerbated by exposure to excess estradiol during postnatal life.

Michelle T. Foster, James P. Warne, Abigail B. Ginsberg, Hart F. Horneman, Norman C. Pecoraro, Susan F. Akana, and Mary F. Dallman

Palatable Foods, Stress, and Energy Stores Sculpt Corticotropin-Releasing Factor, Adrenocorticotropin, and Corticosterone Concentrations after Restraint
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2325-2333, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1426 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Palatable food intake modifies autonomic and neuroendocrine components of the central stress corticotropin-releasing factor network, suggesting that activation of this network decreases with increased metabolic well-being.

D. M. Price, R. Kanyo, N. Steinberg, C. L. Chik, and A. K. Ho

Nocturnal Activation of Aurora C in Rat Pineal Gland: Its Role in the Norepinephrine-Induced Phosphorylation of Histone H3 and Gene Expression
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2334-2341, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1507 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Aurora C, a mitotic kinase, is activated nocturnally in the rat pineal gland, and this activation plays an important role in the adrenergic-regulated gene transcription.

Benoît Lectez, Lydie Jeandel, Fatima-Zohra El-Yamani, Sébastien Arthaud, David Alexandre, Aurélie Mardargent, Sylvie Jégou, Lourdes Mounien, Patrice Bizet, Rabia Magoul, Youssef Anouar, and Nicolas Chartrel

The Orexigenic Activity of the Hypothalamic Neuropeptide 26RFa Is Mediated by the Neuropeptide Y and Proopiomelanocortin Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2342-2350, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1432 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The hypothalamic neuropeptide 26RFa exerts its orexigenic activity by stimulating the release of neuropeptide Y in the arcuate nucleus, which in turns inhibits POMC neurons by activating the Y1 and Y5 receptors.

Julie Laroche, Lauren Gasbarro, James P. Herman, and Jeffrey D. Blaustein

Reduced Behavioral Response to Gonadal Hormones in Mice Shipped during the Peripubertal/Adolescent Period
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2351-2358, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1595 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Mice shipped during the peripubertal/adolescent period are less responsive to the behavioral effects of gonadal hormones when tested in adulthood.

V. M. Navarro, M. A. Sánchez-Garrido, J. M. Castellano, J. Roa, D. García-Galiano, R. Pineda, E. Aguilar, L. Pinilla, and M. Tena-Sempere

Persistent Impairment of Hypothalamic KiSS-1 System after Exposures to Estrogenic Compounds at Critical Periods of Brain Sex Differentiation
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2359-2367, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0580 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Perturbation of sex steroid milieu during early critical periods of brain sex differentiation persistently alters hypothalamic KiSS-1 system, which may contribute to disruption of gonadotropin secretion and puberty onset later in life.

RENAL - CARDIAC - VASCULAR:

Jitske de Vries-van der Weij, Willeke de Haan, Lihui Hu, Maarten Kuif, H. Ling D. W. Oei, José W. A. van der Hoorn, Louis M. Havekes, Hans M. G. Princen, Johannes A. Romijn, Johannes W. A. Smit, and Patrick C. N. Rensen

Bexarotene Induces Dyslipidemia by Increased Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Production and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein-Mediated Reduction of High-Density Lipoprotein
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2368-2375, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1540 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Bexarotene causes hypertriglyceridemia by increasing the VLDL-TG production rate, and increases VLDL-C and decreases HDL-C through increasing the CETP-dependent transfer of cholesterol from HDL to VLDL, as a consequence of an increased VLDL-TG pool.

Zon W. Lai, Rebecca A. Lew, Michael A. Yarski, Fi-Tjen Mu, Robert K. Andrews, and A. Ian Smith

The Identification of a Calmodulin-Binding Domain within the Cytoplasmic Tail of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2376-2381, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1274 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Calmodulin binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and regulates ACE2 ectodomain shedding through a protein kinase C signaling independent pathway.

Karim Sabrane, Markus-N. Kruse, Alexandra Gazinski, and Michaela Kuhn

Chronic Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure by Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Role of Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2382-2387, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1360 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The endothelium, but not modulation of endothelial nitric oxide or endothelin-1, participates in the chronic regulation of arterial blood pressure and volume by atrial natriuretic peptide.

REPRODUCTION - DEVELOPMENT:

Chunguang Zhang, Martha A. Bosch, Oline K. Rønnekleiv, and Martin J. Kelly

-Aminobutyric Acid B Receptor Mediated Inhibition of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Is Suppressed by Kisspeptin-G Protein-Coupled Receptor 54 Signaling
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2388-2394, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1313 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The activation of GABAB receptors in GnRH neurons may provide increased inhibitory tone during estrogen negative feedback states that are attenuated by kisspeptin during positive feedback.

Varykina G. Thackray, Jennifer L. Hunnicutt, Aisha K. Memon, Yasmin Ghochani, and Pamela L. Mellon

Progesterone Inhibits Basal and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Induction of Luteinizing Hormone β-Subunit Gene Expression
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2395-2403, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1027 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Negative feedback in the pituitary gonadotrope cell by the ovarian steroid hormone, progesterone, results in inhibition of luteinizing hormone β-subunit gene expression.

Yang Wang and Wing-Yee Lui

Opposite Effects of Interleukin-1 and Transforming Growth Factor-β2 Induce Stage-Specific Regulation of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-B Gene in Sertoli Cells
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2404-2412, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1239 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
IL-1 and TGF-β2 exert opposite effects on junctional adhesion molecule-B gene transcription in Sertoli cells.

Mikihiro Yoshie, Eri Miyajima, Satoru Kyo, and Kazuhiro Tamura

Stathmin, a Microtubule Regulatory Protein, Is Associated with Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Levels in Human Endometrial and Endothelial Cells
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2413-2418, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1333 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Endometrial stathmin may be linked to hypoxia-inducible factor-1 protein accumulation and vascular endothelial growth factor expression through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and is involved in regeneration of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle in human uterine cells.

András Kern and Gillian D. Bryant-Greenwood

Characterization of Relaxin Receptor (RXFP1) Desensitization and Internalization in Primary Human Decidual Cells and RXFP1-Transfected HEK293 Cells
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2419-2428, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1385 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Both desensitization and relaxin-induced and constitutive internalization of relaxin’s receptor (RXFP1) occurs through its dimerization/oligomerization and the influence of β-arrestin-2.

Hong Chen, Thomas L. Clemens, Martin Hewison, and John S. Adams

Estradiol and Tamoxifen Mediate Rescue of the Dominant-Negative Effects of Estrogen Response Element-Binding Protein in Vivo and in Vitro
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2429-2435, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1148 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
The estrogen-response element binding protein suppresses estrogen activity; its effects in vivo can be rescued by high doses of estradiol or tamoxifen.

Erica N. Nierth-Simpson, Melvenia M. Martin, Tung-Chin Chiang, Lilia I. Melnik, Lyndsay V. Rhodes, Shannon E. Muir, Matthew E. Burow, and John A. McLachlan

Human Uterine Smooth Muscle and Leiomyoma Cells Differ in Their Rapid 17β-Estradiol Signaling: Implications for Proliferation
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2436-2445, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0224 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Estradiol-17β initiates rapid signaling events that promote the growth of uterine leiomyoma cells but inhibits the growth of normal uterine smooth muscle cells.

Stephen M. Boué, Syreeta L. Tilghman, Steven Elliott, M. Carla Zimmerman, K. Y. Williams, Florastina Payton-Stewart, Allen P. Miraflor, Melanie H. Howell, Betty Y. Shih, Carol H. Carter-Wientjes, Chris Segar, Barbara S. Beckman, Thomas E. Wiese, Thomas E. Cleveland, John A. McLachlan, and Matthew E. Burow

Identification of the Potent Phytoestrogen Glycinol in Elicited Soybean (Glycine max)
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2446-2453, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1235 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Glycinol, a pterocarpan precursor to glyceollin that is produced in elicited soy, demonstrates potent estrogenic activity.

Chih-Rong Shyr, Hong-Yo Kang, Meng-Yin Tsai, Ning-Chun Liu, Pei-Yu Ku, Ko-En Huang, and Chawnshang Chang

Roles of Testicular Orphan Nuclear Receptors 2 and 4 in Early Embryonic Development and Embryonic Stem Cells
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2454-2462, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1165 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Testicular orphan nuclear receptors 2 and 4 play an essential role in early embryonic development by regulating important genes involved in the maintenance and differentiation of embryonic stem cells such as Oct-3/4 and Nanog.

Kyung-Bon Lee, Anilkumar Bettegowda, Gabbine Wee, James J. Ireland, and George W. Smith

Molecular Determinants of Oocyte Competence: Potential Functional Role for Maternal (Oocyte-Derived) Follistatin in Promoting Bovine Early Embryogenesis
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2463-2471, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1574 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Maternal (oocyte-derived) follistatin is a positive regulator of time to first cleavage, embryonic development to the blastocyst stage, and blastocyst cell allocation in bovine embryos.

Michelle Welsh, Richard M. Sharpe, Marion Walker, Lee B. Smith, and Philippa T. K. Saunders

New Insights into the Role of Androgens in Wolffian Duct Stabilization in Male and Female Rodents
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2472-2480, doi:10.1210/en.2008-0529 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Wolffian duct regression in androgen-deprived males differs from that in normal females.

Peter K. Nicholls, Craig A. Harrison, Robert B. Gilchrist, Paul G. Farnworth, and Peter G. Stanton

Growth Differentiation Factor 9 Is a Germ Cell Regulator of Sertoli Cell Function
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2481-2490, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1048 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 are germ cell-specific factors in the rat testis, and GDF9 can modulate key Sertoli cell functions.

ANNOUNCEMENTS AND RESOURCES:

FASE Summer Research Conference: Dynamic Structure of the Nuclear Hormone Receptors
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2471 [Full Text] [PDF]  

7^th International Congress of Neuroendocrinology
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2490 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Erratum
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2499 [Full Text] [PDF]  

THYROID - TRH - TSH:

Ainhoa Ceballos, Monica M. Belinchon, Eduardo Sanchez-Mendoza, Carmen Grijota-Martinez, Alexandra M. Dumitrescu, Samuel Refetoff, Beatriz Morte, and Juan Bernal

Importance of Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 for the Blood-Brain Barrier-Dependent Availability of 3,5,3'-Triiodo-L-Thyronine
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2491-2496, doi:10.1210/en.2008-1616 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The main restriction for T3 entry into the neural target cells of the mouse deficient in the thyroid hormone transporter Mct8 is at the blood brain barrier.

TRANSLATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS FROM JCEM:

Lisa M. L. van Winsen, Laura Manenschijn, Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum, Bart A. Crusius, Jan Willem Koper, Chris H. Polman, and Bernard M. J. Uitdehaag

A Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Haplotype (TthIII1/ER22/23EK/9β) Is Associated with a More Aggressive Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2497 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Johanna Puurunen, Terhi Piltonen, Päivi Jaakkola, Aimo Ruokonen, Laure Morin-Papunen, and Juha S. Tapanainen

Adrenal Androgen Production Capacity Remains High up to Menopause in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2497 [Full Text] [PDF]  

M. Konopko-Zubrzycka, A. Baniukiewicz, E. Wróblewski, I. Kowalska, W. Zarzycki, M. Górska, and A. Dabrowski

The Effect of Intragastric Balloon on Plasma Ghrelin, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels in Patients with Morbid Obesity
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2498 [Full Text] [PDF]  

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