NEWS AND VIEWS:

Jeffrey D. Blaustein and Margaret M. McCarthy

Phoenix, Goy, Gerall, and Young, Endocrinology, 1959: 50 Years Young and Going Strong
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2501 doi:10.1210/en.2009-0414 [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  

Jessica A. Hall and Antonio C. Bianco

Triumphs of the Thyroid Despite Lesser Conversion
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2502-2504 doi:10.1210/en.2009-0347 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Neil J. MacLusky

Euthanasia in Endocrinology: The Choices Get More Complex
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2505-2506 doi:10.1210/en.2009-0430 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Russell D. Fernald

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors: Where Did They Come From?
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2507-2508 doi:10.1210/en.2009-0475 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Charles W. Wilkinson

Adrenocortical Responsiveness to Adrenocorticotropin: StAR Is Ascendant
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2509-2511 doi:10.1210/en.2009-0303 [Full Text] [PDF]  

MINIREVIEWS:

Silvana Obici

Molecular Targets for Obesity Therapy in the Brain
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2512-2517 , doi:10.1210/en.2009-0409 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
To effectively combat the current obesity epidemic, it is imperative to increase our understanding of the complex neural mechanisms underlying the homeostatic and non-homeostatic control of energy balance.

Joshua P. Thaler and David E. Cummings

Hormonal and Metabolic Mechanisms of Diabetes Remission after Gastrointestinal Surgery
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2518-2525 , doi:10.1210/en.2009-0367 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass causes complete remission of T2DM in a large majority of cases; mounting evidence indicates that this remarkable phenomenon results from effects beyond those related to reduced food intake and body weight.

Timothy H. Moran and Megan J. Dailey

Gut Peptides: Targets for Antiobesity Drug Development?
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2526-2530 , doi:10.1210/en.2009-0003 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Targeting of multiple gut peptide systems holds promise for anti-obesity drug development.

Annette D. de Kloet and Stephen C. Woods

Endocannabinoids and Their Receptors as Targets for Obesity Therapy
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2531-2536 , doi:10.1210/en.2009-0046 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Endocannabinoids and their receptors are excellent targets for obesity therapy.

Margot P. Cleary and Michael E. Grossmann

Obesity and Breast Cancer: The Estrogen Connection
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2537-2542 , doi:10.1210/en.2009-0070 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Obesity, a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer, may act through elevated estrogen levels and also the adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, to stimulate tumor growth.

CALCIUM - REGULATING HORMONES:

Shoji Ichikawa, Andrea H. Sorenson, Anthony M. Austin, Donald S. Mackenzie, Timothy A. Fritz, Akira Moh, Siu L. Hui, and Michael J. Econs

Ablation of the Galnt3 Gene Leads to Low-Circulating Intact Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (Fgf23) Concentrations and Hyperphosphatemia Despite Increased Fgf23 Expression
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2543-2550 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-0877 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Galnt3-deficient mice provide in vivo evidence that Galnt3 plays an essential role in proper secretion of Fgf23.

CANCER - ONCOGENES:

Jennifer L. Fiori, Tie-Nian Zhu, Michael P. O'Connell, Keith S. Hoek, Fred E. Indig, Brittany P. Frank, Christa Morris, Sutapa Kole, Joanne Hasskamp, George Elias, Ashani T. Weeraratna, and Michel Bernier

Filamin A Modulates Kinase Activation and Intracellular Trafficking of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Human Melanoma Cells
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2551-2560 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1344 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Filamin A expression plays an important role in the activation and degradation of EGF receptors.

DIABETES - INSULIN - GLUCAGON - GASTROINTESTINAL:

Guido Lastra, Javad Habibi, Adam T. Whaley-Connell, Camila Manrique, Melvin R. Hayden, Jenna Rehmer, Kamlesh Patel, Carlos Ferrario, and James R. Sowers

Direct Renin Inhibition Improves Systemic Insulin Resistance and Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport in a Transgenic Rodent Model of Tissue Renin Overexpression
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2561-2568 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1391 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Renin inhibition improves insulin resistance, skeletal muscle insulin metabolic signaling, and glucose transport in a rodent model of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation.

Zhengshan Zhao, Chunying Zhao, Xu Hannah Zhang, Feng Zheng, Weijing Cai, Helen Vlassara, and Zhongmin Alex Ma

Advanced Glycation End Products Inhibit Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion through Nitric Oxide-Dependent Inhibition of Cytochrome c Oxidase and Adenosine Triphosphate Synthesis
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2569-2576 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1342 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Advanced glycation end products impair the function of pancreatic β-cells through nitric oxide-dependent inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase and ATP production.

Birgitte Holst, Kristoffer L. Egerod, Chunyu Jin, Pia Steen Petersen, Mette Viberg Østergaard, Jacob Hald, A. M. Ejernaes Sprinkel, Joachim Størling, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Jens J. Holst, Peter Thams, Cathrine Ørskov, Nils Wierup, Frank Sundler, Ole D. Madsen, and Thue W. Schwartz

G Protein-Coupled Receptor 39 Deficiency Is Associated with Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2577-2585 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1250 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Deletion of GPR39–expressed in β-cells and ducts of the pancreas–leads to glucose intolerance, decreased Pdx-1 expression, and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

Frédéric Tremblay, Ann-Marie T. Richard, Sarah Will, Jameel Syed, Nancy Stedman, Mylène Perreault, and Ruth E. Gimeno

Disruption of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 39 Impairs Insulin Secretion in Vivo
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2586-2595 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1251 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Mice lacking the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39 display impaired insulin secretion in vivo during aging and diet-induced obesity.

Eleonora Santini, Sabina Cuccato, Stephanie Madec, Daniele Chimenti, Ele Ferrannini, and Anna Solini

Extracellular Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Modulates Insulin Secretion via Functionally Active Purinergic Receptors of X and Y Subtype
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2596-2602 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1486 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
INS-1e cells express multiple purinergic receptors, and ATP reduces glucose-induced insulin secretion as a net effect of inhibition through P2X and stimulation through P2Y receptors.

Vera Chesnokova, Chris Wong, Svetlana Zonis, Anna Gruszka, Kolja Wawrowsky, Song-Guang Ren, Anat BenShlomo, and Run Yu

Diminished Pancreatic β-Cell Mass in Securin-Null Mice Is Caused by β-Cell Apoptosis and Senescence
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2603-2610 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-0972 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Deletion of a mitosis-regulating protein securin in mice causes pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and compensatory β-cell senescence, resulting in diminished β-cell mass.

Betty C. Villafuerte, Michelle T. Barati, Ying Song, Joseph P. Moore, Paul N. Epstein, and Jessica Portillo

Transgenic Expression of Insulin-Response Element Binding Protein-1 in β-Cells Reproduces Type 2 Diabetes
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2611-2617 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1294 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
IRE-BP1-mediated gene transcription in β-cells may contribute to development of islet cell dysfunction and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Ilana Kachko, Adva Maissel, Livnat Mazor, Ronit Ben-Romano, Robert T. Watson, June C. Hou, Jeffrey E. Pessin, Nava Bashan, and Assaf Rudich

Postreceptoral Adipocyte Insulin Resistance Induced by Nelfinavir Is Caused by Insensitivity of PKB/Akt to Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2618-2626 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1205 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Insensitivity of Akt/PKB to PI-3,4,5-P3 constitutes a mechanism for adipocyte insulin resistance, demonstrating Akt/PKB activation as a rate-limiting step in signal propagation towards GLUT4 translocation.

Joseph Fomusi Ndisang and Ashok Jadhav

Up-Regulating the Hemeoxygenase System Enhances Insulin Sensitivity and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Insulin-Resistant Diabetes in Goto-Kakizaki Rats
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2627-2636 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1370 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
This manuscript unveils an enduring anti-diabetic effect of hemin in GK rats, and highlights the multifaceted interaction among the HO system, adiponectin, AMPK and GLUT4 that could be explored to enhance insulin-signaling and improve glucose metabolism.

Christopher D. Green, Donald B. Jump, and L. Karl Olson

Elevated Insulin Secretion from Liver X Receptor-Activated Pancreatic β-Cells Involves Increased de Novo Lipid Synthesis and Triacylglyceride Turnover
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2637-2645 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1039 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
LXR activation of INS-1 β-cells exposed to elevated glucose increases triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis; subsequent TAG turnover can lead to the production of lipid signaling molecules resulting in elevated insulin release.

ENERGY BALANCE - OBESITY:

Bruno Bariohay, Julien Roux, Catherine Tardivel, Jérôme Trouslard, Andre Jean, and Bruno Lebrun

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/Tropomyosin-Related Kinase Receptor Type B Signaling Is a Downstream Effector of the Brainstem Melanocortin System in Food Intake Control
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2646-2653 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1184 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The data strongly support the hypothesis that BDNF/TrkB signaling could represent an essential downstream effector of brainstem melanocortin-4 receptor.

Matthew R. Hayes, Lauren Bradley, and Harvey J. Grill

Endogenous Hindbrain Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Activation Contributes to the Control of Food Intake by Mediating Gastric Satiation Signaling
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2654-2659 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1479 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Hindbrain glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptors control for the normal control of food intake by mediating the intake suppressive effects of gastric distension.

Christina L. Sherry, Stephanie S. Kim, and Gregory G. Freund

Accelerated Recovery from Acute Hypoxia in Obese Mice Is Due to Obesity-Associated Up-Regulation of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2660-2667 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1622 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Recovery from acute hypoxia is accelerated in obese mice due to obesity-associated up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory molecule IL-1 receptor antagonist.

Hiroko Matsushita, Akane Ishihara, Satoshi Mashiko, Takeshi Tanaka, Tetsuya Kanno, Hisashi Iwaasa, Hisashi Ohta, and Akio Kanatani

Chronic Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Produces Body Weight Gain by Affecting Both Feeding and Energy Metabolism in Mice
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2668-2673 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1515 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ causes weight gain by affecting feeding and energy metabolism.

GENERAL ENDOCRINOLOGY:

Eleanor F. Need, Howard I. Scher, Amelia A. Peters, Nicole L. Moore, Albert Cheong, Charles J. Ryan, Gary A. Wittert, Villis R. Marshall, Wayne D. Tilley, and Grant Buchanan

A Novel Androgen Receptor Amino Terminal Region Reveals Two Classes of Amino/Carboxyl Interaction-Deficient Variants with Divergent Capacity to Activate Responsive Sites in Chromatin
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2674-2682 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1181 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Studies of the androgen receptor reveal a novel amino terminal domain important in receptor function and inter-domain communication, and distinguish variants capable of productive engagement with chromatin.

Yasuhide Fukatsu, Tetsuya Noguchi, Tetsuya Hosooka, Takeshi Ogura, Ko Kotani, Takaya Abe, Tetsuro Shibakusa, Kazuo Inoue, Mashito Sakai, Kazutoshi Tobimatsu, Kenjiro Inagaki, Toyo Yoshioka, Masahiro Matsuo, Jun Nakae, Yasushi Matsuki, Ryuji Hiramatsu, Kohei Kaku, Hitoshi Okamura, Tohru Fushiki, and Masato Kasuga

Muscle-Specific Overexpression of Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor Increases Peripheral Glucose Disposal and Insulin Sensitivity
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2683-2691 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1647 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor potentially acts as an insulin sensitizer in contracting muscle, likely through up-regulation of Akt-FoxO signaling.

Simon G. Royce, Yu R. Miao, Melissa Lee, Chrishan S. Samuel, Geoffrey W. Tregear, and Mimi L. K. Tang

Relaxin Reverses Airway Remodeling and Airway Dysfunction in Allergic Airways Disease
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2692-2699 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1457 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Relaxin expression is reduced in murine allergic airways disease and exogenous relaxin treatment reverses airway remodeling changes.

GLUCOCORTICOIDS - CRH - ACTH - ADRENAL:

Evelyne M. Aubry and Alex Odermatt

Retinoic Acid Reduces Glucocorticoid Sensitivity in C2C12 Myotubes by Decreasing 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 and Glucocorticoid Receptor Activities
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2700-2708 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1618 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Using mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells, a decreased activation of glucocorticoid hormones is observed after treatment with the major vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid, revealing a link between nutrients and hormonal regulation.

Mathias V. Schmidt, Vera Sterlemann, Klaus Wagner, Bertram Niederleitner, Karin Ganea, Claudia Liebl, Jan M. Deussing, Stefan Berger, Günther Schütz, Florian Holsboer, and Marianne B. Müller

Postnatal Glucocorticoid Excess Due to Pituitary Glucocorticoid Receptor Deficiency: Differential Short- and Long-Term Consequences
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2709-2716 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1211 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Glucocorticoid negative feedback at the pituitary is essential for maintaining the stress hyporesponsive period during postnatal development in mice; a disruption of this feedback has lasting consequences for stress-coping behavior, but not anxiety-like behavior or cognition, in adult animals.

C. Torres-Farfan, L. Abarzua-Catalan, F. J. Valenzuela, N. Mendez, H. G. Richter, G. J. Valenzuela, and M. Serón-Ferré

Cryptochrome 2 Expression Level Is Critical for Adrenocorticotropin Stimulation of Cortisol Production in the Capuchin Monkey Adrenal
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2717-2722 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1683 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
ACTH has no effect on cortisol production if the adrenal clock is not ticking as it should be.

GROWTH FACTORS - CYTOKINES:

Chun-Hsien Chu, Bor-Show Tzang, Li-Mien Chen, Chung-Jung Liu, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Chang-Hai Tsai, James A. Lin, Wei-Wen Kuo, Da-Tian Bau, Chun-Hsu Yao, and Chih-Yang Huang

Activation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II Receptor Induces Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis through Gq and Downstream Calcineurin Signaling in Myocardial Cells
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2723-2731 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-0975 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Findings provide a role of IGF-II in the cardiac cells via activating IGF-IIR signaling cascade, promoting mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through Gq and downstream calcineurin.

Alexandra Aguilar, Shufang Wu, and Francesco De Luca

P450 Oxidoreductase Expressed in Rat Chondrocytes Modulates Chondrogenesis via Cholesterol- and Indian Hedgehog-Dependent Mechanisms
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2732-2739 , doi:10.1210/en.2009-0043 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
P450 oxidoreductase expressed in chondrocytes facilitates growth plate chondrogenesis and bone growth by inducing cholesterol synthesis and Indian hedgehog expression.

Makoto Orisaka, Jin-Yi Jiang, Sanae Orisaka, Fumikazu Kotsuji, and Benjamin K. Tsang

Growth Differentiation Factor 9 Promotes Rat Preantral Follicle Growth by Up-Regulating Follicular Androgen Biosynthesis
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2740-2748 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1536 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
GDF-9 plays an important role in promoting prenatal follicle growth by up-regulating follicular androgen biosynthesis.

Elaine Emmerson, Laura Campbell, Gillian S. Ashcroft, and Matthew J. Hardman

Unique and Synergistic Roles for 17β-Estradiol and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor during Cutaneous Wound Closure Are Cell Type Specific
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2749-2757 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1569 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The cell-type-specific interaction between the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage MIF and estrogens during wound healing is discussed; accelerated tissue repair in MIF null mice is caused by reduced inflammation and accelerated re-epithelialization.

GROWTH HORMONE - SOMATOSTATIN - GRH:

Marie-Laure Baudet, Darrien Rattray, Brent T. Martin, and Steve Harvey

Growth Hormone Promotes Axon Growth in the Developing Nervous System
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2758-2766 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1242 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Growth hormone promotes retinal ganglion cell axon outgrowth in an autocrine/paracrine manner during a specific window of chick embryogenesis.

Xi Li, Jiangyan He, Wei Hu, and Zhan Yin

The Essential Role of Endogenous Ghrelin in Growth Hormone Expression during Zebrafish Adenohypophysis Development
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2767-2774 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1398 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Endogenous ghrelin regulates growth hormone expression in zebrafish embryos.

NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY:

Amy E. Oakley, Kellie M. Breen, Alan J. Tilbrook, Elizabeth R. Wagenmaker, and Fred J. Karsch

Role of Estradiol in Cortisol-Induced Reduction of Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2775-2782 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1754 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Presence of estradiol is obligatory for stress-like levels of cortisol to decrease luteinizing hormone pulse frequency in the follicular phase of the ovine estrous cycle.

Orkun Tan, Ahmed Fadiel, Aimee Chang, Necdet Demir, Rachel Jeffrey, Tamas Horvath, Luis-Miguel Garcia-Segura, and Frederick Naftolin

Estrogens Regulate Posttranslational Modification of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule during the Estrogen-Induced Gonadotropin Surge
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2783-2790 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-0927 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule is over-expressed in the periventricular area of the hypothalamus on proestrus (peak of estrogens) compared to metestrus (nadir of estrogens).

Dóra Zelena, Kristina Langnaese, Ágnes Domokos, Ottó Pintér, Rainer Landgraf, Gábor B. Makara, and Mario Engelmann

Vasopressin Administration into the Paraventricular Nucleus Normalizes Plasma Oxytocin and Corticosterone Levels in Brattleboro Rats
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2791-2798 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1007 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Intra-paraventricular nucleus arginine vasopressin acts as a paracrine signal to facilitate the return of plasma corticosterone and oxytocin to basal levels under stress conditions.

Eric Ducret, Greg M. Anderson, and Allan E. Herbison

RFamide-Related Peptide-3, a Mammalian Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone Ortholog, Regulates Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Firing in the Mouse
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2799-2804 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1623 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
RFamide-related peptide-3, the mammalian ortholog of the postulated avian gonadotropin release-inhibiting hormone, can modulate the electrical excitability of GnRH neurons in the mouse.

Janette H. Quennell, Alicia C. Mulligan, Alexander Tups, Xinhuai Liu, Sarah J. Phipps, Christopher J. Kemp, Allan E. Herbison, David R. Grattan, and Greg M. Anderson

Leptin Indirectly Regulates Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Function
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2805-2812 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1693 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Leptin does not act directly on GnRH neurons, which do not contain leptin receptor mRNA; rather, leptin regulates fertility via neurons afferent to GnRH.

Christianne Magee, Chad D. Foradori, Jason E. Bruemmer, Jesus A. Arreguin-Arevalo, Patrick M. McCue, Robert J. Handa, Edward L. Squires, and Colin M. Clay

Biological and Anatomical Evidence for Kisspeptin Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis of Estrous Horse Mares
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2813-2821 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1698 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Kisspeptin regulates the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis in the mare.

F. Marques, A. M. Falcao, J. C. Sousa, G. Coppola, D. Geschwind, N. Sousa, M. Correia-Neves, and J. A. Palha

Altered Iron Metabolism Is Part of the Choroid Plexus Response to Peripheral Inflammation
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2822-2828 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1610 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The role for the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in regulating iron metabolism may be particularly relevant to restrict iron availability for microorganism growth.

C. Brad Bennett and Martin Muschol

Large Neurohypophysial Varicosities Amplify Action Potentials: Results from Numerical Simulations
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2829-2836 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1636 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Large axonal varicosities (Herring bodies) amplify action potentials, implying that their unusually large physical dimensions serve an immediate physiological function.

Yeo Reum Lee, Kenta Tsunekawa, Mi Jin Moon, Haet Nim Um, Jong-Ik Hwang, Tomohiro Osugi, Naohito Otaki, Yuya Sunakawa, Kyungjin Kim, Hubert Vaudry, Hyuk Bang Kwon, Jae Young Seong, and Kazuyoshi Tsutsui

Molecular Evolution of Multiple Forms of Kisspeptins and GPR54 Receptors in Vertebrates
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2837-2846 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1679 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Non-mammalian vertebrates possess two KiSS genes and two GPR54 genes (three KiSS genes and three GPR54 genes in the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis) that may serve distinct functions.

Javier A. Tello and Nancy M. Sherwood

Amphioxus: Beginning of Vertebrate and End of Invertebrate Type GnRH Receptor Lineage
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2847-2856 , doi:10.1210/en.2009-0028 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Four GNRH receptor-related genes are present in the genome of a cephalochordate, amphioxus, as established by sequencing, functional assays, and phylogenetic studies.

RENAL - CARDIAC - VASCULAR:

Yasumasa Ikeda, Ken-ichi Aihara, Sumiko Yoshida, Takashi Sato, Shusuke Yagi, Takashi Iwase, Yuka Sumitomo, Takayuki Ise, Kazue Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Azuma, Masashi Akaike, Shigeaki Kato, and Toshio Matsumoto

Androgen-Androgen Receptor System Protects against Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Remodeling
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2857-2864 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1254 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Excessive angiotensin II causes accelerated vascular remodeling in male androgen receptor gene knockout mice via dysregulation of eNOS system, JNK signaling, and TGF-β-Smad pathway.

REPRODUCTION - DEVELOPMENT:

Leena Strauss, Jenny Kallio, Nimisha Desai, Pirjo Pakarinen, Tatu Miettinen, Helena Gylling, Martin Albrecht, Sari Mäkelä, Artur Mayerhofer, and Matti Poutanen

Increased Exposure to Estrogens Disturbs Maturation, Steroidogenesis, and Cholesterol Homeostasis via Estrogen Receptor in Adult Mouse Leydig Cells
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2865-2872 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1311 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Imbalance in androgen-estrogen ratio has several effects on Leydig cell structure and function.

Rachel E. Dickinson, Alan J. Stewart, Michelle Myers, Robert P. Millar, and W. Colin Duncan

Differential Expression and Functional Characterization of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Splice Variants in Human Luteal Cells: Implications for Luteolysis
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2873-2881 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1382 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
During human corpus luteum luteolysis, truncated luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors are more abundant and they modulate cell surface expression and activity of the full-length LH receptor.

Nicole Kane, Rodney Kelly, Philippa T. K. Saunders, and Hilary O. D. Critchley

Proliferation of Uterine Natural Killer Cells Is Induced by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Mediated via the Mannose Receptor
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2882-2888 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1309 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
These studies have identified chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), a glycoprotein synthesized by the pre-implantation conceptus, as a novel regulator of uNK cell proliferation.

L. Pinilla, J. M. Castellano, M. Romero, M. Tena-Sempere, F. Gaytán, and E. Aguilar

Delayed Puberty in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Involves a Primary Ovarian Failure Independent of the Hypothalamic KiSS-1/GPR54/GnRH System
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2889-2897 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1381 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats display significantly delayed puberty onset, which seems primarily related to defective ovarian development, gonadotropin responsiveness, and steroidogenic function, but not dependent on potential alterations of KiSS-1/GPR54/GnRH systems at the hypothalamus.

Kerstin W. Sinkevicius, Muriel Laine, Tamara L. Lotan, Karolina Woloszyn, John H. Richburg, and Geoffrey L. Greene

Estrogen-Dependent and -Independent Estrogen Receptor- Signaling Separately Regulate Male Fertility
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2898-2905 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1016 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Estrogen-dependent ER signaling is required for germ cell viability, while estrogen-independent signaling is essential for concentrating epididymal sperm via regulation of efferent ductule fluid reabsorption.

Gregory A. Dissen, Cecilia Garcia-Rudaz, Alfonso Paredes, Christine Mayer, Artur Mayerhofer, and Sergio R. Ojeda

Excessive Ovarian Production of Nerve Growth Factor Facilitates Development of Cystic Ovarian Morphology in Mice and Is a Feature of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Humans
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2906-2914 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1575 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Mice with genetically induced excess of nerve growth factor suffer from reproductive abnormalities similar to those of PCOS and show increased susceptibility to developing ovarian follicular cysts.

M. Marwood, K. Visser, L. A. Salamonsen, and E. Dimitriadis

Interleukin-11 and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Regulate the Adhesion of Endometrial Epithelial Cells: Implications in Fertility Regulation
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2915-2923 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1538 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Locally produced IL-11 and LIF may act on the endometrial luminal epithelial cells to regulate their adhesive properties, allowing strong adhesion of the blastocyst to the endometrium.

Chiara Berlato and Wolfgang Doppler

Selective Response to Insulin Versus Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and -II and Up-Regulation of Insulin Receptor Splice Variant B in the Differentiated Mouse Mammary Epithelium
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2924-2933 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-0668 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Insulin-receptor splice variant B is up-regulated in the differentiated mammary gland and implicated in the induction of milk protein and lipid synthetic enzyme genes.

ANNOUNCEMENTS AND RESOURCES:

FASEB Summer Research Conference: Dynamic Structure of the Nuclear Hormone Receptors
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2897 [Full Text] [PDF]  

7^th International Congress of Neuroendocrinology
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2905 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Retraction
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2976 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrinology Reviewers, 2008
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2977-2983 [Full Text] [PDF]  

TECHNICAL COMMUNICATIONS:

Brian Reed, Jack Varon, Brian T. Chait, and Mary Jeanne Kreek

Carbon Dioxide-Induced Anesthesia Results in a Rapid Increase in Plasma Levels of Vasopressin
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2934-2939 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1408 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Brief carbon dioxide exposure prior to decapitation leads to dramatic release of vasopressin, and this method of euthanasia is therefore unsuitable for certain endocrinological investigations.

THYROID - TRH - TSH:

Milica Vujovic, Kristina Nordström, Karine Gauthier, Frédéric Flamant, Theo J. Visser, Björn Vennström, and Jens Mittag

Interference of a Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptor 1 with Hepatic Glucose Metabolism
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2940-2947 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1085 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
The data suggest that adequate levels of maternal thyroid hormone during embryonal development are required for the establishment of the metabolic setpoint in the offspring.

Alexander V. Misharin, Yuji Nagayama, Holly A. Aliesky, Basil Rapoport, and Sandra M. McLachlan

Studies in Mice Deficient for the Autoimmune Regulator (Aire) and Transgenic for the Thyrotropin Receptor Reveal a Role for Aire in Tolerance for Thyroid Autoantigens
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2948-2956 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1690 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Using mice deficient for the Autoimmune Regulator (Aire) and/or transgenic for the human TSH receptor A-subunit, it is shown that Aire modulates intrathymic expression of thyroid autoantigens and that Aire deficiency likely contributes more to developing Hashimoto’s thyroiditis than Graves’ disease.

Valerie Anne Galton, Mark J. Schneider, Ann S. Clark, and Donald L. St. Germain

Life without Thyroxine to 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine Conversion: Studies in Mice Devoid of the 5'-Deiodinases
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2957-2963 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1572 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
D1 and D2 are not essential for the maintenance of the serum T3 level, but are important for TH homeostasis, the D2 being critical for local T3 production, and the D1 participating in iodide conservation by serving as a scavenger enzyme in peripheral tissues and the thyroid.

Rachel A. Heimeier, Biswajit Das, Daniel R. Buchholz, and Yun-Bo Shi

The Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A Inhibits Postembryonic Vertebrate Development by Antagonizing Gene Regulation by Thyroid Hormone
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2964-2973 , doi:10.1210/en.2008-1503 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Genome-wide gene expression analysis shows that the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A, an estrogenic compound, interferes with postembryonic development by blocking mainly thyroid hormone signaling.

TRANSLATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS FROM JCEM:

Sven Gläser, Nele Friedrich, Ralf Ewert, Christoph Schäper, Matthias Nauck, Marcus Dörr, Henry Völzke, Stephan B. Felix, Alexander Krebs, Henri Wallaschofski, and Beate Koch

Association between Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) I and IGF Binding Protein-3 and Lung Function
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2974 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Susan K. Blank, Christopher R. McCartney, Sandhya Chhabra, Kristin D. Helm, Christine A. Eagleson, R. Jeffrey Chang, and John C. Marshall

Modulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator Sensitivity to Progesterone Inhibition in Hyperandrogenic Adolescent Girls—Implications for Regulation of Pubertal Maturation
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2974-a-2975 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Bu B. Yeap, Zoë Hyde, Osvaldo P. Almeida, Paul E. Norman, S. A. Paul Chubb, Konrad Jamrozik, Leon Flicker, and Graeme J. Hankey

Lower Testosterone Levels Predict Incident Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Older Men
Endocrinology 2009 150: 2975 [Full Text] [PDF]  

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